Fish can be a healthy source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids for dogs. However, not all store bought fish is safe for dogs to eat. There are a few things pet owners should consider before feeding fish to their dog.
What Types of Fish Can Dogs Eat?
In general, fresh, fully cooked fish is safe for dogs to eat. Some good fish choices for dogs include:
- Salmon
- Cod
- Pollock
- Tuna
- Halibut
- Sardines
- Mackerel
These fish are high in protein, healthy fats, and essential nutrients. Fatty fish like salmon and mackerel are especially good sources of omega-3s which have anti-inflammatory effects and can benefit skin, coat, heart, and brain health in dogs.
Dangers of Raw Fish
Raw fish, especially raw salmon and trout, can contain a parasite called Neorickettsia helminthoeca. This parasite causes a disease called salmon poisoning disease which is often fatal in dogs if not treated quickly with antibiotics. For this reason, raw fish should always be avoided.
Other dangers of raw fish include:
- Bacterial infections from bacteria like salmonella
- Heavy metal poisoning from mercury, lead, cadmium
- Bone injuries from fish bones
To avoid these risks, fish should be fully cooked before being given to dogs.
Unsafe Fish for Dogs
Certain types of fish should be avoided for dogs. Fish to avoid giving dogs include:
- Shark
- Swordfish
- King mackerel
- Tilefish
- Tuna (canned albacore tuna)
These fish are very high in mercury. Mercury is toxic to humans and pets in high amounts. Eating these fish regularly can cause mercury poisoning which affects the nervous system, digestive system, and immune system.
Canned tuna often labeled “chunk light tuna” is safer for dogs than albacore tuna and has less mercury.
Fish Bones and Skin
Fish bones can pose a choking hazard or pierce the digestive tract. Remove all bones from fish before giving it to dogs.
Some skins like salmon skin can be fatty and difficult to digest. It’s usually best to remove the skin as well.
Fish Preparation and Serving
When preparing fish for your dog, follow these tips:
- Choose fresh, sushi-grade fish whenever possible
- Avoid fish with a strong “fishy” odor which may indicate spoilage
- Cook fish thoroughly to kill bacteria and parasites
- Remove all bones and skin
- Avoid seasoning with garlic, onions, herbs, butter, or oil as these can cause stomach upset
- Cut the fish into bite-sized pieces for small dogs
When serving fish, moderate amounts are best. Too much fish can lead to an unbalanced diet. Here are some serving guidelines based on your dog’s weight:
| Dog Weight | Fish Serving Size |
|---|---|
| 5 lbs | 1 ounce |
| 10 lbs | 2 ounces |
| 20 lbs | 3 ounces |
| 50 lbs | 5 ounces |
Avoid feeding fish more than twice a week. Rotate fish with other healthy protein sources like chicken, turkey, eggs, and lean red meats.
Canned Fish for Dogs
Canned fish can be a convenient way to add fish to your dog’s diet. However, not all canned fish is safe. When buying canned fish for dogs:
- Avoid fish packed in oil, sauces, or flavors – opt for fish packed in water
- Don’t purchase canned fish made for human consumption as these often contain added salt
- Look for canned fish specifically marketed for pets
- Choose reputable pet food brands when possible
- Avoid canned albacore tuna and opt for “chunk light” instead
Some good choices are:
- Natural Balance LID Fish & Sweet Potato
- Halo Liv-A-Littles Grain-Free Salmon & Whitefish Stew
- Whole Earth Farms Grain-Free Salmon Cat Food
- Tiki Cat Luau Variety Pack
- Merrick Purrfect Bistro Grain-Free Seafood Medley
When transitioning to canned fish, mix a small amount in with your dog’s regular food at first to avoid gastrointestinal upset.
Fish Skin Treats
Some pet stores and pet food companies now offer fish skin treats for dogs marketed as a natural source of omega-3s. These are made from dehydrated fish skins, usually from salmon or pollock. While these treats can be a healthy option, there are a few things to keep in mind when feeding fish skins:
- Choose products specifically made for dogs – avoid any flavored for humans
- Select single-ingredient treats without any added salt, oil, spices, or flavorings
- Look for brands that source sustainable fish
- Start with small amounts to test your dog’s tolerance
- Supervise your dog when feeding to prevent choking
Some good fish skin treats include:
- Stewart Pro-Treat Freeze Dried Salmon Skin
- Loving Pets Pescado Salmon Skin Treats
- Cycle Dog Fish Skin Treats
Feeding Fish to Puppies
Fish can be introduced into a puppy’s diet around 6-8 months old. The delicate digestive system of puppies under 6 months may have trouble properly digesting fish proteins. Avoid feeding fish to pregnant or nursing dogs as well.
When introducing fish, go slowly with small amounts to avoid digestive upset. Good starter fish for puppies include plain cooked salmon, whitefish, cod or pollock. Wait a few days between introducing new fish to monitor for any reactions.
Fish Allergies in Dogs
Though uncommon, dogs can develop allergies to fish ingredients. Signs of an allergic reaction can include:
- Itching, hives, rashes
- Ear infections
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Gas, abdominal pain
- Swelling of face, lips, throat
- Wheezing, coughing
If any of these symptoms occur after feeding fish, stop serving it and consult your veterinarian. Dogs with food allergies may need to avoid fish long-term.
Fish for Dogs with Sensitivities
For dogs with sensitive stomachs or food intolerances, stick to mild whitefish like cod, haddock, or flounder. Salmon and tuna have more natural oils that may be difficult to digest for some dogs. Try cooking the whitefish plainly without added oils or seasonings.
Canned fishes made for dogs with allergies can also be a good option. Some hypoallergenic recipes contain hydrolyzed fish as a novel protein source. These foods break down proteins into smaller segments, reducing the chances of triggering an adverse reaction.
Conclusion
Fish can provide valuable nutrients for dogs when chosen and prepared properly. The healthiest types of fish for dogs to eat are fresh, cooked salmon, cod, pollock, tuna, sardines, and mackerel. Avoid raw fish and fish that is high in mercury like shark and swordfish.
When serving fish, remove all bones and skin first. Fish skin treats can be a good way to provide omega-3s as long as they are made specifically for dogs. Canned fish formulated for dogs can be a convenient option, just be sure to get products free of added salt and flavors.
Feed fish in moderation as part of a balanced homecooked or commercial diet. With a few precautions, fish can be a tasty treat and source of protein for your dog!