Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It causes damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects nerve fibers. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and body, leading to a variety of symptoms. While MS is known for symptoms like fatigue, numbness, vision problems, and impaired mobility, some research suggests it may also be linked to gastrointestinal issues like stomach inflammation.
What is stomach inflammation?
Stomach inflammation refers to irritation and swelling of the stomach lining. It has several potential causes including:
- Helicobacter pylori infection – a bacterial infection of the stomach
- Gastritis – inflammation triggered by excess stomach acid production
- Gastroenteritis – inflammation from a viral or bacterial infection
- Peptic ulcers – sores in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine
- Crohn’s disease – a type of inflammatory bowel disease
Common symptoms of stomach inflammation include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bloating
- Loss of appetite
- Ulcers or sores
- Heartburn
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
Treatment depends on the cause but may involve medications like antibiotics, antacids, proton pump inhibitors or histamine blockers. Dietary changes and stress management may also help alleviate symptoms.
Gastrointestinal issues are common in MS
Research estimates around 60-80% of people with MS experience some form of gastrointestinal disturbance. Some common GI problems associated with MS include:
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Incontinence
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Dysphagia – difficulty swallowing
Why are gut problems so prevalent in MS? Experts aren’t entirely sure but some theories include:
- Nervous system damage – MS lesions can form in the brainstem which helps control gut function
- Mobility issues – impaired mobility from MS can contribute to constipation
- Medications – some MS drugs directly impact the gastrointestinal tract
- Diet changes – People with MS may modify their diet in ways that upset digestion
- Anxiety and stress – MS flares and symptoms can heighten stress, impacting the gut
So GI disturbances are very common in MS, but does that include stomach inflammation specifically?
Research exploring the MS and stomach inflammation link
A handful of studies have found higher rates of gastritis and peptic ulcers among MS patients compared to the general public. For example:
- A 2016 study found evidence of chronic gastritis in 62% of MS patients versus 26% of healthy controls
- A 2012 study detected a higher presence of H. pylori antibodies in the blood of MS patients compared to controls, suggesting increased risk of gastritis
- A 2011 study found MS patients were 2-3 times more likely to have peptic ulcers compared to the general population
Researchers have proposed a few theories as to why MS could contribute to stomach inflammation:
- Lesions in the regions of the brain that control gut function may impair stomach motility
- Constipation and straining to pass stool could increase intra-abdominal pressure, worsening inflammation
- Some MS medications like steroids may irritate the stomach lining
- Psychological factors like stress could increase stomach acid production
However, the links between MS and stomach issues are still being investigated. More research is needed to confirm these associations.
Other factors that can cause stomach inflammation
While MS may contribute, other factors can also trigger stomach inflammation in those with MS. These include:
- Diet – Spicy, acidic, processed, or fried foods can all aggravate the stomach lining.
- Medications – Drugs like NSAIDs, steroids, antibiotics, and aspirin can all cause stomach irritation.
- Smoking – Smoking heightens ulcer risk and is linked to gastritis.
- Alcohol – Excessive drinking is associated with gastritis and ulcers.
- H. pylori infection – This bacterial infection is a common cause of gastritis and ulcers worldwide.
- Autoimmune diseases – Conditions like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease often involve stomach inflammation.
Tips for managing stomach issues with MS
If you have MS and frequent stomach problems, some strategies that may help include:
- Follow an MS-friendly diet – Limit foods that may aggravate your GI tract like dairy, gluten, excess fat, and sugar.
- Stay hydrated – Drink plenty of liquids, especially water and herbal tea.
- Manage stress – Try relaxing activities like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.
- Exercise regularly – Physical activity stimulates the gut.
- Get good sleep – Fatigue worsens GI issues.
- Time bowel movements – Don’t delay when you feel the urge to have a bowel movement.
- Talk to your doctor – Discuss symptoms and request tests to identify any stomach inflammation.
- Consider supplements – Probiotics, omega-3s, vitamin D may improve gut health.
Tracking your diet, symptoms, and lifestyle habits can help determine your triggers too. If lifestyle measures don’t relieve symptoms, medications may help – consult your physician.
The bottom line
Research indicates there may be a higher prevalence of certain types of stomach inflammation like gastritis and ulcers among those with MS.
Potential explanations include MS-related nerve damage that impairs gut function, high stress levels, constipation, and side effects of medications.
However, more research is still needed to confirm a direct link between MS and stomach inflammation. Other factors like diet, medication use, smoking, and concurrent conditions also play a role.
Managing any stomach issues is an important part of maximizing quality of life with MS. Pay attention to your symptoms and talk to your doctor if lifestyle measures don’t provide relief.