Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It damages the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects the nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. This damage slows down or blocks messages between the brain and body, leading to symptoms such as numbness, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, vision problems and more. There is currently no cure for MS, but treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing relapses. Massage therapy is sometimes used as a complementary treatment to help relieve MS symptoms and improve quality of life. But is massage actually beneficial for people with MS? Let’s take a closer look.
What are the Potential Benefits of Massage for MS?
Here are some of the main ways that massage therapy may help people living with MS:
Reduces Muscle Spasticity
Up to 80% of people with MS experience muscle spasms and spasticity. This is when muscles become stiff, tight and difficult to use. Massage therapy applies pressure to tight muscles and joints, which can help relax the muscles and reduce spasticity. This makes it easier to move and can relieve associated pain.
Improves Circulation
MS can reduce blood circulation, leading to numbness, tingling and cold extremities. Massage helps stimulate blood flow and lymph circulation, bringing more oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. This can help improve symptoms of poor circulation.
Manages Pain
Many people with MS experience chronic neuropathic pain due to damaged nerves. Massage can help reduce muscle tension, joint pain and nerve pain by releasing endorphins – the body’s natural painkillers. This provides an alternative to medications for pain relief.
Promotes Relaxation
MS fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms, affecting about 80% of patients. Massage therapy induces deep relaxation, lowers stress hormones and promotes better sleep. This can help combat fatigue and improve quality of life.
Emotional Benefits
Living with MS can understandably take an emotional toll. Human touch from massage therapy can have therapeutic effects, reducing anxiety and depression. Massage also provides caring social interaction with the therapist.
What Does the Research Say?
Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of massage therapy on MS symptoms:
Muscle Spasticity and Pain Reduction
A 2011 review of 7 studies found massage therapy reduced short-term muscle spasticity in MS patients. A 2015 study found 8 weeks of massage significantly decreased spasticity. A 2016 study showed massage decreased spasticity immediately after treatment. Research also demonstrates massage can provide short-term relief for MS-related pain.
Less Fatigue and Improved Sleep
A 2015 study divided 60 women with MS into massage and control groups. After 8 weeks, the massage group reported significantly less fatigue and better sleep than the control group. Another study in 1996 found massage improved sleep and reduced anxiety in MS patients.
Increased Mood and Quality of Life
Studies show massage can lessen depressive symptoms and improve overall well-being for those with MS. One study followed 24 patients receiving biweekly massage sessions. They reported improvements in pain, stress, mood, relaxation, sleep and quality of life.
Caution Around Exacerbations
A couple studies found patients reported temporary worsening of MS symptoms like fatigue and numbness after massage therapy. This suggests massage should be used cautiously during exacerbations. More research is needed around massage safety for MS patients.
So in summary, studies indicate potential benefits of massage for common MS symptoms like spasticity, pain, fatigue, sleep, mood and quality of life. However, massage may not be appropriate for all patients and careful precautions should be taken. More high-quality research is still needed.
What Types of Massage are Used for MS Treatment?
There are many different styles of massage. Some of the main types used in MS treatment include:
Swedish Massage
This uses long gliding strokes, kneading and friction to promote relaxation, increased circulation and pain relief. It is gentle and can be adapted for MS clients.
Deep Tissue Massage
Slow strokes and deep pressure techniques release chronic muscle tension and spasms. Must be performed carefully for MS patients.
Neuromuscular Therapy
Uses concentrated pressure on trigger points in spastic muscles. Helps break the spasm-pain cycle.
Manual Lymphatic Drainage
Light rhythmic pumping encourages lymph circulation and drainage. May help reduce MS fatigue and swelling.
Reflexology
Massaging reflex points on the feet corresponding to glands and organs. May stimulate nervous system and provide deep relaxation.
Craniosacral Therapy
Gentle pressure is used to release restrictions around head, spinal cord and central nervous system. May help with MS symptoms.
The best type of massage depends on each patient’s symptoms and tolerances. Communication with the therapist is key.
Are There Any Risks of Massage for MS Patients?
Most experts consider massage therapy safe as a complementary treatment for MS if performed by an experienced therapist. However, there are some potential risks to be aware of:
Exacerbating Symptoms
As mentioned, a few people report worsening of certain MS symptoms like fatigue after massage. Close monitoring is required.
Fall Risk
MS can impair balance and coordination. Patients must be able to safely get on and off the massage table.
Blood Clots
Massage increases circulation, which could theoretically dislodge a blood clot. People at high clot risk need medical clearance.
Osteoporosis
MS patients have a higher risk of osteoporosis. Deep pressure massage could potentially cause a fracture.
Medication Interactions
Massage may enhance absorption or side effects of certain medications like muscle relaxants. Patients should consult their doctor.
To reduce risks, massage therapists require thorough training in adapting techniques for MS clients. Ongoing communication with the patient is also key.
Precautions for Massage Therapy and MS
If considering massage for MS, there are some important precautions to take:
– Consult your neurologist, especially if you have complicating disorders.
– Find an experienced massage therapist familiar with MS.
– Start gently with light pressure.
– Avoid massage over numb areas as you cannot feel if it’s too intense.
– Drink plenty of water after massage to avoid fatigue and dehydration.
– Listen to your body and communicate with the therapist during the session.
– Do not receive massage during a relapse when symptoms flare up.
– Adjust massage pressure and techniques as needed if any discomfort arises.
– Avoid deep tissue massage if you have osteoporosis or are taking blood thinners.
Following these precautions will help ensure massage therapy is as safe and beneficial as possible.
How Often Should You Get Massage for MS Treatment?
There are no definitive guidelines on the optimal frequency of massage therapy for MS patients. Some key factors include:
– Severity of symptoms – Those with more severe spasticity or pain may benefit from more frequent massage.
– Massage style – Gentler techniques like craniosacral can be used more often than deep tissue.
– Cost and accessibility – Massage is often not covered by insurance for MS, so affordability is a consideration.
– Response to treatment – If symptoms consistently improve for several days after massage, more frequent sessions may help.
– Fluctuating symptoms – Receiving massage during periods when symptoms flare up may cause overexertion.
Research studies have used a wide range of massage frequencies for MS patients, ranging from one session per week to one session every month. Some general guidelines:
– For general health maintenance, every 2-4 weeks may be adequate.
– During symptomatic periods, every 1-2 weeks can provide relief.
– For severe spasticity or pain, 2-3 times per week may be warranted short-term.
Work with your massage therapist to find the optimum frequency tailored to your individual needs. Be prepared to adjust the sessions as your symptoms change.
Tips for Receiving Massage with MS
Here are some tips for getting the most out of massage therapy while living with MS:
Schedule at Optimal Times
Plan massage for when your energy levels are highest, so fatigue is minimized. Also avoid schedules too close to other treatments that are tiring.
Adapt Session Length
Start with 30-45 minute massages, then build up to 60 minutes as tolerated. Keep sessions shorter when symptoms are worsened.
Communication is Key
Provide detailed information to the therapist on your symptoms and problem areas. Give feedback during the massage if any techniques are uncomfortable.
Stay Well Hydrated
Drink fluids before and after massage to avoid dehydration that can trigger fatigue and headaches.
Use Targeted Techniques
Focus massage on the areas of greatest need like spastic limbs or trigger points. Full-body massage may be over-stimulating.
Request Adaptive Equipment
Special cushions, tables, chairs and supports can provide better positioning and comfort.
Following these tips can make massage more beneficial and manageable for MS clients.
Is Massage Covered by Insurance for MS Treatment?
Unfortunately, massage therapy is typically not covered by health insurance plans as a treatment for multiple sclerosis. Reasons for this include:
– Massage is considered an alternative or complementary treatment, not a primary medical therapy.
– There is a lack of definitive, large-scale research proving efficacy of massage for MS.
– MS symptoms like fatigue and pain can be challenging for insurers to attribute directly to massage therapy.
– Licensed massage therapists may not be recognized health providers by some insurance networks.
– Massage frequently does not meet the criteria insurers use to determine “medical necessity”.
While inclusion is improving, most standard private health plans still classify massage therapy as a non-covered service for MS patients. Public plans like Medicaid and Medicare also offer very limited coverage, if any.
Out-of-pocket payment for massage may be worthwhile for MS patients who find it beneficial for symptom relief. Some hospitals or treatment centers may offer massage tailored for MS clients at more affordable rates.
Conclusion
While research evidence is still limited, studies suggest massage therapy can provide symptomatic relief and improve quality of life for many people living with multiple sclerosis. Reduced spasticity, less pain, improved sleep, and enhanced mood are some of the potential benefits. Swedish, deep tissue, lymphatic and craniosacral are common massage techniques used.
However, massage may not be advisable for all MS patients. Caution should be taken around exacerbations or complications like osteoporosis or high fall risk. Working with an experienced therapist and ongoing communication is key to minimizing any risks. Most insurers still classify massage therapy as an alternative treatment not covered for MS.
Overall, massage can be a helpful addition to a comprehensive MS treatment plan when used properly under professional guidance. More research will continue clarifying the diverse potential benefits of massage therapy for managing MS symptoms.