Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. ADHD is characterized by difficulties with attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that interfere with daily functioning.
While ADHD symptoms often improve with age, some adults continue to experience challenges. There is no set age when people with ADHD are considered to be “mature.” Maturity is influenced by many factors, including life experience, medication and strategies to manage symptoms.
Do people with ADHD mature later?
Research suggests that on average, people with ADHD mature later than their peers without ADHD. There are several reasons for this:
- The prefrontal cortex of the brain, responsible for executive functions like planning and impulse control, develops more slowly in people with ADHD. This area typically finishes maturing in a person’s mid 20s.
- ADHD can make it harder for people to learn from their mistakes and experiences. Maturity often comes from gaining wisdom through life lessons.
- Symptoms like poor planning, disorganization and hyperfocus can delay progress towards adult responsibilities and independence.
However, the rate of maturation varies greatly among individuals with ADHD. With proper treatment and support, many people with ADHD are able to achieve developmental milestones alongside their peers.
When do ADHD brains mature?
The brains of people with ADHD mature in a typical sequence, but often at a delay compared to neurotypical development. Here is an overview of brain maturation in ADHD:
- Childhood: Symptoms emerge as executive function demands increase. Prefrontal cortex development lags.
- Adolescence: Impulsivity peaks around age 15. Planning and decision-making centers continue maturing into the early 20s.
- Early adulthood: Prefrontal cortex reaches full maturity in the mid-20s. Symptoms may improve with brain development.
- Beyond: Some deficits in executive functioning can persist through adulthood, especially inattention symptoms.
Again, there is significant variation between individuals. With treatment, healthy habits and accommodation, people with ADHD can thrive at any age.
When do people with ADHD become adults?
Here are some signs that a person with ADHD has reached adulthood:
- Taking responsibility for oneself – Being able to self-manage medication, appointments, finances, etc.
- Living independently.
- Maintaining healthy relationships.
- Holding down a job.
- Pursuing education or training.
- Avoiding reckless and impulsive behavior.
- Having insight into one’s strengths and weaknesses.
- Using strategies to minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms.
There is no specific age when this happens. Some people with ADHD demonstrate these qualities in their late teens or early 20s. Others may not reach this level of maturity until their late 20s or beyond.
What improves maturity in ADHD?
Here are some factors that can help improve maturity in people with ADHD:
- Medication – Stimulant and non-stimulant medications can improve executive functioning and impulse control.
- Psychotherapy – Counseling provides strategies for organization, planning, emotion regulation and more.
- Structure and routine – Daily routines help strengthen time management and consistency.
- Accountability – External accountability through work, school or relationships reinforces mature behavior.
- Lifestyle factors – Good sleep, nutrition, exercise and stress management support overall brain health.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) – CBT targets unhelpful thought patterns that impact emotional regulation and decision-making.
A combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes and skills training can help maximize functioning and maturity.
Typical progression of maturity in ADHD
While the pace of maturity varies by individual, here is a general overview of how maturity tends to progress in people with ADHD:
Childhood
- Difficulty following rules and instructions
- Forgetfulness and disorganization
- Inability to focus on tasks
- Frequent interruptions and intrusions
- Relies heavily on parents for structure
Adolescence
- Poor planning and time management
- Trouble regulating emotions
- Seeking thrills and stimulation
- Reckless behaviors and decisions
- Increasing independence seeking
Early Adulthood
- Inconsistency and struggles with responsibility
- Challenges managing work or education
- Ongoing impulsivity and disorganization
- Developing self-management strategies
- Pursuing treatment and accommodations
Mid to Late Adulthood
- Improved but persistent executive functioning deficits
- Applying lessons learned earlier in life
- Seeking help when needed
- Focus on relationships and purpose
- Continued personal growth
Again, this is a general outline. Each person’s maturity develops at their own pace. With the right support, people with ADHD can thrive at any age.
Conclusion
There is no definitive age when people with ADHD are considered mature. Brain development and mastery of adult responsibilities occur more slowly, often extending into the late 20s. However, executive functioning deficits may persist through adulthood.
A combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes and skills training can optimize maturity. With the right structure and support, people with ADHD are able to lead fulfilling, successful lives.