Thyroid anxiety, also known as hyperthyroidism anxiety, refers to feelings of anxiety and nervousness caused by an overactive thyroid gland. An overactive thyroid releases too much thyroid hormone into the bloodstream, which can make the body feel like it is in a constant state of “fight or flight.” This flood of hormones may lead to symptoms of anxiety, even in people without anxiety disorders.
Common Symptoms
Some common symptoms of thyroid anxiety include:
- Feeling restless, fidgety, or on edge
- Increased heart rate or palpitations
- Trembling or shakiness
- Sweating
- Trouble sleeping
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability or mood swings
- Feeling tired but wired
- Panic attacks
These symptoms may come and go randomly, or get worse during periods of stress. Thyroid anxiety can make people feel unsettled and unable to relax or calm down.
Causes
The main cause of thyroid anxiety is hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid:
- Graves’ disease – This autoimmune disorder causes the thyroid gland to produce excessive thyroid hormone. It’s the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
- Thyroid nodules – Noncancerous growths on the thyroid can produce too much thyroid hormone, causing hyperthyroidism.
- Thyroiditis – Inflammation of the thyroid gland can cause it to leak excessive thyroid hormone into the bloodstream.
- Too much iodine – Consuming high amounts of iodine supplements, medicines, or foods like seaweed and kelp can overstimulate the thyroid.
In addition, high levels of stress can temporarily cause the thyroid to release more hormones. This is sometimes referred to as “transient thyroiditis.”
When to See a Doctor
It’s important to see a doctor if anxiety symptoms are new, severe, or interfering with daily life. A simple blood test can check thyroid hormone levels to diagnose hyperthyroidism. Treating the overactive thyroid often resolves anxiety symptoms.
Some warning signs that warrant medical attention include:
- Racing heart or palpitations
- Unexplained weight loss
- Difficulty sleeping
- Persistent trembling or shakiness
- Feeling agitated or panicky
Hyperthyroidism left untreated can lead to more serious complications like heart problems and brittle bones. Consulting a doctor can identify the underlying thyroid issue and guide appropriate treatment.
Treatment
Treatment for thyroid anxiety involves addressing the hyperthyroidism. Common treatments include:
- Antithyroid medications – Drugs like methimazole (Tapazole) prevent the thyroid from producing excessive hormones.
- Radioactive iodine – This treatment shrinks an overactive thyroid gland and reduces thyroid hormone production.
- Surgery – Removing part or all of the thyroid gland is sometimes recommended for severe hyperthyroidism.
The choice of treatment depends on factors like the underlying cause, age, and personal preferences. Symptoms usually start improving within a few weeks as thyroid levels normalize.
Anxiety medications or therapy may also be used short-term to manage anxiety symptoms while waiting for thyroid treatment to work. But anxiety treatment alone does not resolve thyroid anxiety unless the hyperthyroidism is addressed.
Lifestyle Changes
Some lifestyle adjustments can help minimize anxiety symptoms associated with an overactive thyroid:
- Get enough sleep – Lack of sleep can exacerbate anxiety. Try to get 7-9 hours per night.
- Reduce stress – Make time for relaxing activities like yoga, meditation, or massage.
- Limit caffeine – Caffeine can increase anxiety and palpitations.
- Stay hydrated – Dehydration can worsen anxiety. Drink plenty of water.
- Try supplements – Vitamins B12, D, and magnesium may help reduce anxiety.
- Eat a balanced diet – Minimize sugar, processed foods, and alcohol which can exacerbate symptoms.
Coping Strategies
Some strategies that can help manage anxiety from thyroid issues include:
- Take time to rest when feeling overwhelmed or fatigued.
- Practice deep breathing exercises to calm the nervous system.
- Go for a walk or do light exercise which can relieve excess energy.
- Practice mindfulness and be present in the moment.
- Try relaxing activities like reading, gentle yoga, or listening to music.
- Avoid triggers like excessive caffeine, news, or emotional situations.
- Connect with understanding friends and family for support.
While thyroid anxiety can be distressing, keep in mind that it’s a treatable medical condition. With proper thyroid treatment and self-care, anxiety symptoms should steadily improve over time.
Thyroid Anxiety vs. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Thyroid anxiety shares some common symptoms with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), but has a different underlying cause:
| Thyroid Anxiety | Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|---|---|
| Caused by an overactive thyroid gland | Caused by brain chemistry or trauma |
| Symptoms come and go | Persistent, excessive worry most days |
| Mainly physical symptoms | Combination of mental and physical symptoms |
| Resolves when thyroid levels normalize | Requires therapy and/or medication |
While their causes differ, thyroid anxiety and GAD can share similar feelings of restlessness, irritability, and trouble concentrating. Evaluating thyroid hormone levels can help determine if hyperthyroidism is contributing to anxiety issues.
Conclusion
Thyroid anxiety is a common manifestation of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones flooding the body essentially put it into a constant state of stress response. This can lead to anxiety symptoms like restlessness, racing heart, tremors, and feeling on edge. If anxiety seems to be triggered by an overactive thyroid, it’s important to see a doctor for evaluation and treatment. With proper management of the underlying thyroid condition, anxiety symptoms should improve.