Having an aesthetically pleasing face shape is often considered an important component of physical attractiveness. However, there is much debate over what constitutes the “perfect” face shape, as perceptions of beauty and attractiveness vary greatly between individuals and cultures. In this article, we will examine the different factors that influence perceptions of an ideal face shape and look at evidence from research, beauty standards, and celebrity examples to help determine what is commonly viewed as the most attractive facial geometry.
The Golden Ratio
Throughout history, mathematicians and artists have tried to mathematically calculate beauty. The ancient Greeks discovered that the ratio of 1 to 1.618, called phi or the Golden Ratio, occurs frequently in nature and in visually pleasing art and architecture. Some researchers have hypothesized that phi can also be applied to human facial features to determine the most attractive dimensions and proportions.
According to these theories, the ideal face shape would have the following Golden Ratio proportions:
- Face length is roughly 1.6 times the width
- Width of eyes, cheeks, and mouth are in the phi ratio
- Length from pupil to bottom of chin is phi times width of eyes
- Width of nostrils is phi times width of nose
- Width of lips is phi times width of nose
However, many studies have failed to find strong support for the Golden Ratio governing facial attractiveness. While average human faces may roughly approximate these proportions, significant deviations do not necessarily make a face less attractive. The Golden Ratio should therefore be considered a general guideline, not a mathematical formula for beauty.
Facial Symmetry
Research has more consistently shown that facial symmetry is associated with attractiveness. Symmetry indicates good genetic health, since those with weaker genes tend to have higher asymmetry. A symmetrical face shape has equal proportions on both sides.
When looking in the mirror, a symmetrical face will have these qualities:
- Both sides of the forehead are the same size
- Eyes are on the same horizontal plane
- Cheekbones are equal in size and placement
- Nose points straight down from vertical axis
- Mouth and chin are centered
Minor asymmetries are normal and do not negatively impact attractiveness. However, more noticeable unevenness could be a sign of poor nutrition, illness, or genetic issues during development.
Ideal Face Shapes
While overall symmetry is preferred, certain characteristics and ratios have emerged as commonly attractive face shapes across cultures:
Oval face
Considered the ideal face shape, the oval strikes the perfect balance of length and width. An oval has:
- Forehead slightly wider than the chin
- Cheekbones that are the widest part of the face
- A smooth jawline with a slightly rounded chin
The oval works well with most hair lengths and styles and suits a wide range of makeup looks.
Heart-shaped face
Like the oval, the heart shape has ideal facial symmetry and is considered universally attractive. Heart shapes have:
- Wide cheekbones and forehead
- Narrow jawline that comes to a point
Heart-shaped faces look great with nose-length or longer hair with volume at the bottom.
Square face
The strong angles of the square or rectangular face project confidence. Squarer faces feature:
- Broad forehead, cheekbones, and jawline
- Straight hairline and sharp right angles along the outline
Square faces look best with chin-length cuts with layers and waves to soften the angles.
Measuring Face Shape
To find out your individual face shape:
- Stand facing forward in front of a mirror
- Pull your hair back so face outline is visible
- Trace the outline, starting at the forehead down to the chin
- Assess if face length is equal, longer, or shorter than width
- Look at widest part of cheekbones compared to forehead and jaw
- Note any obviously rounded or pointed features
Based on the outline and feature assessment, you can then categorize your shape as oval, long, round, heart, square, etc. Knowing your facial geometry can help guide choices in hairstyles, makeup, beard shapes, and glasses frames that complement your look.
Celebrity Face Shapes
Looking at examples of universally admired faces can also give insight into ideals. Faces from classic art and celebrities showcase features often considered attractive.
Oval faces
- Kim Kardashian
- Kate Moss
- Jessica Alba
- Beyoncé
- Jennifer Aniston
Heart-shaped faces
- Scarlett Johansson
- Reese Witherspoon
- Halle Berry
- Kerry Washington
Square faces
- Angelina Jolie
- Keira Knightley
- Olivia Wilde
- Emma Stone
- Sandra Bullock
Even though their specific features vary, these celebrities all exemplify balanced facial symmetry that aligns with universal beauty standards.
Cross-Cultural Perceptions
Perceptions of attractiveness are also shaped by cultural ideals and preferences. Some studies analyzing facial attractiveness standards across cultures have found:
- More angular faces preferred in Eastern cultures
- Softer oval shapes viewed as ideal in Western cultures
- Larger eyes and pale skin favored in Asian cultures
- Fuller lips and darker skin tones valued in African cultures
However, symmetry was consistently ranked as attractive no matter the culture. This suggests certain facial feature ideals may be cultural, but structural balance remains fundamentally important.
Youthfulness and Averageness
Other research on attractiveness indicates that more youthful and average-looking faces tend to be rated as more appealing. Face shapes displaying these qualities exhibit:
- Minimal wrinkles and sagging skin
- Facial features that are proportionate and balanced
- No extremes in sizes of features or face length/width
These traits suggest health and good genes, driving preferences for faces with a smooth oval shape, high forehead, small nose and chin, and large eyes.
Attractiveness Boosting Tips
While you can’t change your underlying facial structure, there are ways to optimize attractiveness:
Get a flattering haircut
Hairstyles that complement your face shape help showcase your best features.
Try soft makeup looks
Avoid harsh lines and overdone makeup. Neutral smokey eyes and nude lips give a pretty glow.
Maintain good skincare
Keep skin clear and boost radiance with consistent cleansing, moisturizing, and exfoliating.
Do facial exercises
Toning exercises can slim roundness in the cheeks and jawline for a more defined shape.
Get sufficient sleep
Rest helps prevent dark circles, puffiness, and other signs of fatigue that can detract from attractiveness.
The Perfect Face Shape – Conclusion
Overall, the most attractive face shapes exhibit symmetry, youthfulness, and proportions aligned with societal ideals of beauty. An evenly balanced oval or heart-shaped face are considered universally pleasing shapes. Maintaining smooth, flawless skin and a radiant complexion also enhances facial beauty. While perceptions vary based on culture and personal preferences, faces reflecting health and harmony tend to be viewed as the most appealing across demographics.