Indian green curry is a flavorful and aromatic curry made with green chilies, herbs, and spices. It can have a range of consistency from a thin sauce to a thick, creamy curry. Indian green curry is very versatile and can be made with vegetables, chicken, seafood or lamb. It is a popular curry served throughout India and internationally as well. Here we will explore the main ingredients that go into making authentic Indian green curry.
Main Ingredients
There are a few key ingredients that make up the base of most Indian green curries. These ingredients build the flavor profile and give the curry its distinctive green color.
Green Chilies
Indian green curry gets its name from the liberal use of fresh green chilies. The most commonly used green chilies are serrano peppers and Thai bird’s eye chilies. These chilies pack a punch of spiciness and flavor. Other green chilies like jalapeños or Hungarian wax peppers can also be used. The chilies are typically chopped or blitzed into a paste to infuse the curry. Using green chilies is what gives Indian green curry its signature green color.
Herbs
Fresh herb leaves are added to green curry to provide aromatic flavor. The most commonly used herbs are cilantro and mint. Cilantro offers a refreshing, citrusy flavor while mint provides a cooling contrast to the heat of the chilies. Other herbs like basil, dill or parsley may also be used. The fresh herbs are typically chopped and added to the curry raw to preserve their flavor. They contribute greatly to the taste profile of green curry.
Spices
Indian green curry incorporates a range of spices that add seasoning and depth of flavor. The main spices used are coriander powder, cumin powder, turmeric and garlic. Coriander powder has a lemony, earthy taste that complements the other ingredients. Cumin powder adds a strong, warm aroma. Turmeric lends an earthiness and yellow color. Garlic provides pungency and aroma. Other spices like fenugreek, mustard seeds, fennel or cardamom may be added as well.
Aromatics
In addition to herbs and spices, green curry uses aromatics like onion, ginger and lemongrass to build flavor. Onions provide allium pungency and sweetness when caramelized. Lemongrass offers a citrusy, grassy flavor. Ginger adds a touch of heat and brightness. Garlic is also used frequently for its sharp, pungent flavor. Using aromatics adds more depth and complexity to Indian green curry.
Coconut Milk
Coconut milk is a defining ingredient in Indian green curry. It provides a rich, creamy base that brings the flavors together. The fat from the coconut milk allows the flavors to shine and gives body to the curry. The amount of coconut milk can be adjusted based on preference for thin or thick curry. It is instrumental in getting the signature texture of Indian green curry.
Vegetables
Indian green curry can be made with a medley of vegetables like potatoes, cauliflower, peas, bell peppers and green beans. Vegetables add texture, color and nutrients. Different vegetables hold up better to the spice and cooking time, so selecting the right mix is key. Heartier vegetables like potatoes and cauliflower tend to work best. The vegetables soak up the rich, spicy sauce and complement the other ingredients.
Protein
In addition to vegetables, Indian green curry can be made with protein sources like chicken, lamb, shrimp or paneer cheese. This adds hearty substance and satisfaction to the dish. The proteins are usually marinated then braised in the curry sauce to infuse flavor. Choosing a protein is optional but can make for a more filling, complete meal when served with rice.
Basic Steps to Make Indian Green Curry
Now that we’ve looked at the main ingredients, let’s overview the basic steps for making authentic Indian green curry:
1. Make Green Chili Paste
The first step is making a chili paste from fresh green chilies, garlic, ginger, cilantro and spices like coriander and cumin. This builds the flavor base for the curry.
2. Bloom Spices and Aromatics
Next, bloom any whole spices like mustard seeds or fenugreek in hot oil. Then add sliced aromatics like onion and let them become golden brown.
3. Simmer Onions and Veggies
Add the chili paste and cook out the raw smell. Then add diced vegetables, seasonings and a splash of water. Let simmer so veggies are fork tender.
4. Finish with Herbs and Coconut Milk
Finally, add chopped fresh herbs, protein if using, and coconut milk. Simmer to meld flavors and achieve desired consistency of sauce.
5. Adjust Seasoning and Serve
Check seasoning and add salt if needed. Garnish with cilantro and serve over rice.
Ingredients by Weight and Volume
To make Indian green curry it’s helpful to have the ingredient amounts. Here is a breakdown of the ingredients by weight and volume for a common batch of green curry serving 4-6 people:
| Ingredient | Weight | Volume |
|---|---|---|
| Green chilies | 3 oz | About 6 chilies |
| Onion | 8 oz | 1 medium onion |
| Ginger | 1 oz | 1 inch knob |
| Garlic | .5 oz | 2-3 cloves |
| Cilantro | .5 oz | 1/2 cup packed |
| Mint | .25 oz | 1/4 cup packed |
| Potato | 8 oz | 1 medium potato |
| Cauliflower | 8 oz | About 2 cups florets |
| Chicken (optional) | 12 oz | 1 boneless breast |
| Coconut milk | 12 oz | About 1 1/2 cups |
Spice Mix Ratio
In addition to the ingredients, getting the spice mix right is key to authentic flavor. Here is a good ratio of spices to use in Indian green curry:
- 2 parts coriander powder
- 1 part cumin powder
- 1 part turmeric powder
- .5 part garlic powder
- .5 part chili powder
This spice ratio delivers a well-balanced blend of flavors. Adjust to taste preferences as needed. Other optional spices like fenugreek, mustard seeds, curry leaves or ginger can be added as well.
Flavor Variations
There are many different regional variations of Indian green curry within India. Here are some of the most common flavor variations:
Southern Indian Green Curry
Features curry leaves, mustard seeds, urad dal, tamarind and coconut. Has a sour, spicy taste.
Northern Indian Green Curry
Uses peppers, onions, yogurt and cilantro. Tastes creamy and mild.
Thai Green Curry
Includes lemongrass, Thai basil, fish sauce and kaffir lime leaves. Has a bright, citrusy flavor.
Pakistani Green Curry
Utilizes mint, yogurt and chickpea flour. Tastes cooling and tangy.
Common Protein Options
Indian green curry can be made with many different protein options. Here are some of the most popular:
- Chicken – most common, takes on flavors well
- Lamb – bold, rich flavor
- Shrimp – briny taste, cooks quickly
- Paneer – mild, soft cheese
- Chickpeas – nutty, hearty bean
- Tofu – spongy, absorbs flavors
Choosing a protein is optional but recommended to make the curry a more complete meal. The proteins pair nicely with the aromatic green curry sauce.
Serving Suggestions
Indian green curry has a few classic serving combinations:
Over Rice
Serving green curry over a bed of steamed rice is most traditional. The sauce soaks into the rice. Basmati or jasmine rice work best.
With Naan
Buttery, soft naan bread is perfect for dipping into creamy green curry sauce. It soaks up the flavors.
With Veggies
Adding extra steamed or sautéed vegetables like okra, spinach or eggplant makes for a veggie-packed meal.
With Raita
Cool, creamy cucumber raita balances the spicy heat of the curry.
Storage and Reheating
Here are some tips for storing and reheating leftover green curry:
- Refrigerate in airtight container for up to 4 days
- Freeze for up to 3 months
- Reheat in sauce pan over medium heat until warmed through
- Add splash of water if the curry is too thick
- Garnish with fresh herbs before serving again
Be sure to reheat fully until steaming to keep the flavors fresh and vibrant.
Conclusion
Indian green curry is an aromatic, flavorful curry that is popular for good reason. It strikes a balance of creamy, spicy and herbaceous flavors. The use of fresh green chilies, herbs and spices gives it its signature taste and color. Vegetables, protein and coconut milk round it out into a complete dish. There are many variations, but the basics include a chili paste, onions, garlic, ginger, cumin, coriander, turmeric, coconut milk and fresh herbs. With the right ingredients and technique, you can make restaurant-worthy Indian green curry at home. Adjust the flavors to your taste and enjoy it with rice, naan and raita.