When a dog undergoes surgery, the incision site needs to be cared for properly during the healing process to prevent infection and ensure proper healing. There are many questions surrounding what can and cannot be applied to a surgical incision on a dog. Some key considerations when deciding what is safe to put on a dog’s incision are: avoiding infection, promoting healing, and preventing the dog from licking or scratching at the site.
Avoid Infection
Preventing infection is the most important factor when caring for a dog’s incision. An infection can delay healing, cause significant pain and discomfort for the dog, and in worst cases spread into the bloodstream becoming life-threatening. To avoid infection:
- Do not apply any creams, ointments, gels, or other topical products to the incision unless specifically prescribed by your veterinarian. These can introduce bacteria and cause infection.
- Keep the site clean and dry. Do not allow the incision to get wet when bathing.
- Use an Elizabethan collar to prevent licking and scratching which can open the wound.
- Follow all post-op care instructions from your vet, including oral antibiotics and restrictions on activity.
Essentially, you want to keep the incision site completely clean and dry, and prevent the dog from disturbing it. Any topical products run the risk of infection and should be avoided unless your vet advises otherwise.
Promote Healing
While you want to keep the incision dry and protected initially, once the surface has healed over, many vets recommend applying a thin layer of petroleum jelly or coconut oil to keep it pliable. Other options include vitamin E oil or plain unscented lotion. These help keep the scab from cracking and prevent scar tissue formation.
Other tips to speed healing include:
- Avoid strenuous activity for the first 2 weeks after surgery.
- Use an e-collar for at least 10-14 days to prevent licking, scratching, or chewing.
- Follow your vet’s recommendations for medications, including pain medication, antibiotics, etc.
- Ensure your dog is eating a balanced diet rich in protein to support healing.
As the incision heals, gently massaging vitamin E oil or unscented lotion around the area can help reduce scarring and prevent adhesions. Always check with your vet before massaging the area.
Prevent Licking and Scratching
Dogs instinctively want to lick and scratch at incisions, but this can be extremely dangerous. Licking introduces infection, pulls out sutures, and delays healing. Scratching can further open the wound.
To prevent licking and scratching:
- Use an Elizabethan collar at all times when unsupervised until the incision is fully healed. This may mean 4 weeks or longer.
- Use bitter apple spray bandages to deter licking.
- Provide plenty of activities and enrichment so your dog is not focused on the incision.
- If your dog continues licking or scratching excessively, speak to your vet.
With an e-collar and proper supervision, most dogs will not excessively disturb the incision site. But you know your pet best – if excessive licking or scratching continues, additional medications or training may be needed.
When to Call the Vet
While caring for the incision at home, contact your vet immediately if you notice:
- Signs of infection – redness, swelling, odor, pus, heat.
- Bleeding that won’t stop.
- Loss of sutures or the incision opening.
- Difficulty urinating or defecating.
- Loss of appetite, lethargy, or other signs of illness.
Infections need to be treated promptly with antibiotics. Serious complications can arise if incisions open, fail to heal, or become infected. Always keep a close eye on the site and don’t hesitate to call your vet with any concerns.
Safe Products to Apply
The following products may be safely applied to a dog’s incision site once healing is underway:
- Petroleum jelly or coconut oil – Helps keep incision pliable.
- Vitamin E oil – Reduces scarring.
- Unscented lotion – Prevents scabbing and adhesion.
- Antibiotic ointment – Only if vet prescribes to treat infection.
Always check with your veterinarian before applying anything to the incision site. Prescription antibiotic ointments may be needed if signs of infection develop. Otherwise, plain petroleum jelly or coconut oil are safe lubricants once initial healing has occurred.
Unsafe Products
The following products should NOT be used on a dog’s surgical incision:
- Hydrogen peroxide or rubbing alcohol – Irritates tissue.
- Iodine or betadine – Cytotoxic to healing cells.
- Essential oils – Risk of irritation.
- Neosporin – Not needed and risks allergy.
- Any steroids – Impairs healing.
- Home remedies – No evidence they help, may harm.
Your vet may have recommended specific cleansers, but in general harsh products like peroxide and iodine impair healing. Home remedies and oils should also be avoided as they introduce risk with no proven benefits.
The First 48 Hours
The most critical window is the first 48 hours after surgery. During this time:
- Restrict activity – Keep confined and calm.
- No bathing or swimming.
- Leave surgical dressing in place.
- Prevent licking and chewing.
- Administer all prescribed medications.
Follow any additional discharge instructions your veterinarian provides. Monitor for excessive swelling, bleeding, or signs of pain. Help your dog remain calm and avoid disturbing the incision site.
Conclusion
Caring for your dog’s incision properly is crucial for avoiding complications and ensuring proper healing after surgery. Work closely with your veterinarian and follow their recommendations diligently, especially regarding e-collars, activity restriction, and prescription medications. Monitor the incision site closely and don’t hesitate to call your vet with any concerns. Avoid applying anything to the incision unless your vet advises to do so. With proper care, your dog’s incision should heal smoothly and comfortably.