Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they need meat in their diet to survive. However, many cat owners like to feed their feline friends small amounts of vegetables as treats or mix them into their food. While vegetables can provide extra nutrition, there are some that should be avoided for cats.
Why Do Cats Eat Vegetables?
In the wild, cats do not eat plant material. Their bodies are designed to get nutrition from animal flesh and organs. However, domesticated cats do not always stick to such a strict carnivorous diet. There are a few reasons why cats may eat vegetables:
- Curiosity – Cats use their sense of smell and taste to explore their environment. Eating an unfamiliar food is one way they investigate.
- Preference – Some cats seem to enjoy certain textures and flavors of vegetables.
- Nutritional balance – Small amounts of plant matter may provide fiber, vitamins and minerals.
- Finicky eating – Fussy cats may eat vegetables if they refuse other foods.
While vegetables should not make up the bulk of feline diets, many cat owners find adding a little bit enhances palatability. The key is choosing cat-safe veggies and avoiding harmful ones.
Vegetables Cats Can Eat
Most veterinarians agree that cats can eat small amounts of the following vegetables:
- Carrots – A great source of vitamin A, beta-carotene and fiber. Steamed or cooked is best.
- Pumpkin – Provides fiber to promote healthy digestion. Look for plain, unsweetened pumpkin.
- Green beans – Packed with minerals and low in calories. Choose fresh or frozen over canned.
- Broccoli – Contains vitamins C and K. Always cook before feeding.
- Peas – A good plant-based protein. Stick to fresh or frozen peas.
- Sweet potato – An excellent source of vitamin A, fiber and potassium. Cook thoroughly and remove skin.
- Corn – Provides vitamin C, magnesium and antioxidants. Opt for fresh or frozen corn kernels.
These vegetables make nutritious treats or additions to cat food. They tend to be safe for most cats to consume in moderation. Always check with your veterinarian before introducing new foods.
Vegetables to Avoid Feeding Cats
While the veggies above are typically fine for cats, there are many that should be avoided. Here are some vegetables cat owners should never feed their pets:
Onions, Garlic, Chives
All members of the allium family, including onions, garlic, chives, leeks and shallots, are poisonous to cats. These vegetables contain compounds that can damage red blood cells and lead to anemia in cats if consumed in large enough quantities.
Avocado
While nutritious for humans, avocados contain persin, a toxin that can cause vomiting and diarrhea in cats.
Raw Potatoes
Raw potatoes contain solanine, a compound that is toxic to cats. Cooked, mashed potatoes are safer in small amounts.
Raw Bell Peppers
Raw bell peppers are difficult for cats to digest. However, cooked peppers are fine for cats in moderation.
Mushrooms
Both edible and inedible mushrooms can cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats.
Vegetables in Sauces
Cats should not consume vegetables prepared with butter, oil, seasoning or other sauces and toppings. These can upset their stomachs.
Cruciferous Vegetables
Vegetables like cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and bok choy can lead to gas and bloating in some cats. They are best avoided.
Leafy Greens
Spinach and other leafy greens contain oxalates, which may cause kidney damage in cats over time. Keep portions of spinach and kale to a minimum.
Sugar/Starch Vegetables
Starchy vegetables like corn, peas, sweet potatoes and squash tend to be high in carbohydrates. While fine as occasional treats, cats should not eat large amounts.
Feeding cats the wrong vegetables can have serious consequences. Always consult your veterinarian if you are unsure about the safety of a vegetable.
Tips for Feeding Cats Vegetables
If you want to incorporate vegetables into your cat’s diet, keep these tips in mind:
- Talk to your vet – Make sure your cat has no conditions that require a special diet.
- Start slow – Introduce new vegetables one at a time in small amounts.
- Try different preparations – Raw, cooked, frozen, pureed – to find your cat’s preference.
- Mix with other foods – Combine vegetables with your cat’s regular meals.
- Cut small – Dice, grate or mash vegetables into tiny, cat-sized portions.
- Avoid seasonings – Do not add onion, garlic, salt or other flavorings.
- Stay away from stems and leaves – Stick to the vegetable flesh.
- Monitor reactions – Stop feeding if you notice vomiting, diarrhea or other issues.
- Never force-feed – Let your cat eat veggies at their own pace.
With the proper precautions, many cats enjoy nibbling on vegetables. Just be sure to introduce them slowly and stick to cat-safe veggies.
Healthiest Vegetables for Cats
The following vegetables provide the most nutritional benefits for cats:
| Vegetable | Key Nutrients |
|---|---|
| Pumpkin | Vitamin A, fiber |
| Carrots | Vitamin A, beta-carotene |
| Sweet Potatoes | Vitamin A, potassium, fiber |
| Green Beans | Vitamins K, C, minerals |
| Peas | Plant-based protein, minerals |
| Broccoli | Vitamin C, vitamin K |
These vitamin- and mineral-rich vegetables make healthy additions to a cat’s meat-based diet. They provide additional nutrients without dramatically increasing carbohydrates.
Conclusion
While vegetables should never replace meat in a cat’s diet, small amounts can provide additional nutrition. Focus on cat-safe veggies like carrots, broccoli and green beans. Always avoid toxic vegetables like onions, garlic and raw potatoes. Introduce new veggies slowly and be sure to get your vet’s approval. With some precautions, vegetables can be a healthy supplement for your feline friend.